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These elements combine together in an inseparable combination (Samavaya) to become gross objects and give rise to the formation of all the substances of this universe. Vayu – Air – Sparsha (touch) is its special qualityĪkasha – Ether – Shabda (sound) is its special quality Tejas – Fire – Rupa (appearance) is its special quality Prithvi – Earth – Gandha (smell) is the special quality, Guru (heaviness), Khara (roughness), Kathina (hard) etc are its general qualities.Īp – Water – Rasa (taste) is its special quality,

The dominant part of the basic element decides the nature of the substance. As per a philosophy, called as Sankhya philosophy, every substance on earth is composed of these five basic elements, in different proportions. Notes :- Panchabhuta refers to five basic elements – Earth (solid), Water, Fire, Air and Ether.

Its identification/designation is decided by the predominance of particular element in the Dravya (mass / substance). It has Kshma – solidity as its substratum, it takes origin from Ambu (Ap Bhuta – water element), Agni (Tejas Bhuta – Fire element), Pavana (Vayu Bhuta – air element) and Nabhas (Akasha Bhuta – ether element), with their intimate and inseparable combination. तन्निर्वृत्तिः विशेषः च – tannirvṛttir viśeṣaś ca – the origin (identification) of a specific dravya is decided by व्यपदेशस्तु भूयसा – vyapadeśas tu bhūyasā – the predominance of particular element in the given substanceĭravya – (substance / mass of the substance) is the most important factor among Rasa (tastes) and other qualities because all of these qualities are residing in the substance only. अग्नि पवन नभसां समवायतः – agni pavana nabhasām samavāyataḥ – related with the fire element, air element and ether (space) element through intimate and inseparable combination अम्बु योनि – ambu yony – this dravya takes its origin from ambu (ap bhuta or water element) and is Tannirvṛttirviśeṣaśca vyapadeśastu bhūyasā||2|| Prithvi or Earth forms the substratum of Dravya Example, a ghata or pot comes into existence by having mud (Earth) as its substratum. The solidity (kshama) gives the shape to the dravya. This dravya manifests (comes into existence) having the Earth or solidity as its substratumĪmong the 5 basic elements, the substance or mass comes into existence having the Earth or solidity as its substratum.